Sunday, 5 May 2019

Twentieth Lesson


Referencing systems

There are two main referencing systems in use in university. One of these uses a number system in the text with notes at the end of the chapter or article; this system often also uses extensive footnoting, and a bibliography is included of works that have been used during the writing of the text. 

The alternative system that we illustrate bellow is called the Harvard system; its use is widespread across many different academic fields of study. In this system, the author's name and the date of publication are given in parentheses in the text and refer to a section at the end of the publication, headed 'references', which in turn contains details of all the published works that have been referenced. The Harvard system look like this:

References

Fairclough, N. (1992) Discourse and social change. London: Polity Press.

Heath, S.B. (1982) What no bedtime story means: Narrative skills at home and at school, Language in Society, 11(1): 49-76. 

Referencing websites

Although there are still no universal procedures for referencing the web pages, there are some general conventions you need to follow in order to inform anybody reading your work where your ideas came from. You need to provide:

  • The name of the website
  • The URL
  • The date the page was last updated
  • The date the website was retrieved  

 Example:

Harasim, L. (2001) Shift happens: online education as a new paradigm in learning, The Internet and Higher Education, 3(1), retrieved 31 July 2002. http://virtualu.cs.sfu.ca/vuweb.newe/papers/harasim_ihe_nov00.pdf.   


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